Cornell University ECE4760
Access point and web server as Control Panel
Pi Pico RP2350

Access point and web server
The access point example code in the WIFI section of the picoW examples runs as-is, but I hacked it out of the examples build-structure to compile alone, then added a VGA driver. The code brings up a stand-alone WIFI access point, with DHCP server, DNS server and web server. The supplied code serves one page, with one clickable link that toggles the picoW on-board LED. I added a bunch of comments, generalized the query-string parser (query-string is the part of URL after the ? character), and adding ability to serve several pages of html. Since there is no file system (in this verson), and no outside connection to the internet, the page request processing had to be quite simple, but supports run-time modifiable pages, text, html forms, hyperlinks, and javascript. The javascript, of course, runs on the browser.

This example is intended to show how to set up simple web pages for process control, not to produce a general web server. Web pages are written in raw HTML. Simple text has the usual formatting tags and can be modifed on the fly by the server for text-based output. The example has input interactors (HTML forms) for text input, number input, graphic sliders to set numerical values, and drop down select menus. HTML form input events oninput and onchange are used to produce better interaction. Output includes simple SVG graphics and a meter construct for ranges of numerical values.

The web pages displayed correctly on Android Chrome, iPad Safari, and iPad Firefox. The application code running on the rp2040 was just a video thread running on core1 which displayed the status of the server and browser variables. LWIP is running on core0, along with a serial thread for debugging and a thread to make a software 100 Hz PWM. My Android phone and iPad connected to the picoW with no complaints. The code runs without a serial monitor or VGA attached, but obviously then you can only interact via browser.
Demo functionality:

• After the system boots you should be able to point your device WIFI to:
  access_point_ssid = "picow_test"
  password = "password" using WPA2
  IP address = 192.168.4.1
  The IP address should appear as 192.168.4.1/ledtest
  At least two phones can attach to the page at the same time.
• Each browser page is written as a string to be used as a format string for an sprintf that inserts the runtime
  variables, one for each '%' format designation. The scheme is quite powerful. It can dynamically change the name of displayed controls, set control options (e.g. selected parameter in the LED control), and display user input/output.
• Control Test 1 page
  • The page has a link to Control_test_2 page.
  • The browser can set a select drop-down list to toggle the on-board LED. An SVG filled circle changes dynamically to show the LED status (green if on, black if off). LED status is also echoed back to the browser text, and displayed on the VGA. When the drop-down list option is touched, the selection is auto-submitted back to the server.
  • The browser can set a text box to any integer which is displayed as red text and as a meter output when the submit button is pressed.
  • The brower can set a graphical slider control to a range of integer values fom 1-99. On the server the number becomes a PWM percentage to control the brightness of an LED attached to GPIO2. The current value is changed in realtime as the slider is moved via a one-line javascript attached to the oninput event and also displayed on the VGA when the slider is released using auto_submit onchange. The one-line javascript is hacked slightly from
    https://stackoverflow.com/questions/74320571/inserting-oninput-to-an-input-field
• Control test 2 page
  • The has a link back to Control_test_1
  • There is a slider intereactor to set the 8-bit color for a rectangle on the VGA screen attached to the rp2040. The oninput event is used to update the input number as you slide your finger. The onchange event auto_submits the number to the server which signals the graphics thread.
  • A small SVG rectangle approximates the 8-bit VGA color set, but is extended to standard 24-bit web colors and is therefore slightly different.
  • The internal rp2040/2350 temperature sensor value is displayed. It should be a few degrees above room temperature.

Three screens are shown below refecting different views of the program state. First is a browser window running on my cellphone and after pressing the submit buttion. Notice that there is no internet connection and that the IP I chose for the server is 192.168.4.1. The page is Control Test 1 page . The second image shows Control Test 2 page of the browser interface. The third image is the server-attached VGA screen showing the status of all the browser variables.

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CODE, ZIP of project
Note that you will need to delete the build directory and specify a new one.

You can implement an auto-reload for any web page by inserting the following JavaScript
into the body of the page. The ugly back-slashes are there because the html is defined as
an long, multi-line, string:
<script> \
setTimeout(function(){ location.reload(); }, 2000); \
</script>\

VGA driver and LWIP considerations
Both the VGA driver written by Hunter Adams and the LWIP supplied as part of the C SDK use significant hardware to accelerate operations. The VGA driver uses three DMA channels and three state machines in one PIO. The LWIP uses 2 DMA channels and two PIO state machines. LWIP defaults to PIO1 (see cyw43_bus_pio_spi.c), so the VGA must use PIO0. The LWIP uses the claim mechanism to grab DMA channels. This means that any unused channel may be grabbed. The VGA driver was modified to use the claim system so that it does not step on the channels used by LWIP. Once this small change was made, the two libraries played nicely together. Siunce all threee PIO state machines must be on one PIO, the VGA hard-claims all three. Therefore, the VGA must be initialized before LWIP.

Copyright Cornell University September 9, 2025